One of the oldest radio stations in the United States still in existence, KCBS (AM) in the Bay Area, was founded in 1909. Between 1850 and 1860, the California state government paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government)[76] to hire militias whose purpose was to protect settlers from the indigenous populations. [7] The horizontal distance from the bottom of Death Valley to the top of Mount Whitney is less than 90 miles (140 km). In general, Democratic strength is centered in the populous coastal regions of the Los Angeles metropolitan area and the San Francisco Bay Area. The California National Party and the California Freedom Coalition both advocate for Californian independence along the lines of progressivism and civic nationalism. [122][123] Among threatened animals are the coastal California gnatcatcher, Paiute cutthroat trout, southern sea otter, and northern spotted owl. With dredging, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers have remained deep enough for several inland cities to be seaports. Birds unique to this zone are the California thrasher, bushtit, and California condor. According to a 2005 report by the Congressional Research Service, the San Joaquin Valley was characterized as one of the most economically depressed regions in the United States, on par with the region of Appalachia. Southern California Republicans Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan were both elected twice as the 37th and 40th U.S. Presidents, respectively. Beef did not become a commodity until the 1849 California Gold Rush. The state's coasts, rivers, and other bodies of water are regulated by the California Coastal Commission. [275] California school districts may be organized as elementary districts, high school districts, unified school districts combining elementary and high school grades, or community college districts.[275]. What is now California was first settled by various Native Californian tribes before being explored by a number of Europeans during the 16th and 17th centuries. [citation needed] Principal mammals found in this region include the Sierra coney, white-tailed jackrabbit, and the bighorn sheep. [101], About 45 percent of the state's total surface area is covered by forests,[102] and California's diversity of pine species is unmatched by any other state. Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of state electricity generation. Fremont cottonwood and valley oak thrive in the Central Valley. [79] California however easily ranked first in production of military ships during the war (transport, cargo, [merchant ships] such as Liberty ships, Victory ships, and warships) at drydock facilities in San Diego, Los Angeles, and the San Francisco Bay Area. A remnant of Pleistocene-era Lake Corcoran, Tulare Lake dried up by the early 20th century after its tributary rivers were diverted for agricultural irrigation and municipal water uses. For the next 25 years, Alta California remained as a remote, sparsely populated, northwestern administrative district of the newly independent country of Mexico. [note 2], The state has 482 incorporated cities and towns, of which 460 are cities and 22 are towns. [20][21][22] As a result of the state's diversity and migration, California integrates foods, languages, and traditions from other areas across the country and around the globe. [16] The San Francisco Bay Area Combined Statistical Area had the nation's highest gross domestic product per capita in 2018 ($106,757) among large primary statistical areas,[17] and is home to four of the world's ten largest companies by market capitalization[18] and four of the world's ten richest people. The Channel Islands are located off the Southern coast, while the Farallon Islands lie west of San Francisco. Hundreds of billions in property values vanished and foreclosures soared as many financial institutions and investors were badly hurt.[94][95]. Following the 2018 midterm House elections, Democrats won 46 out of 53 congressional house seats in California, leaving Republicans with seven. Property tax increases are capped at 2% annually or the rate of inflation (whichever is lower), per Proposition 13. [91][92], An energy crisis in 2001 led to rolling blackouts, soaring power rates, and the importation of electricity from neighboring states. [289] In socio-cultural mores and national politics, Californians are perceived as more liberal than other Americans, especially those who live in the inland states. [166] It is currently projected that Hispanics will rise to 49% of the population by 2060, primarily due to domestic births rather than immigration. We'd love to hear from you! [128], Between 2000 and 2009, there was a natural increase of 3,090,016 (5,058,440 births minus 2,179,958 deaths). Kimco Realty Corp. (NYSE: KIM) is a real estate investment trust (REIT) headquartered in New Hyde Park, N.Y., that is North America's largest publicly traded owner and operator of open-air shopping centers. About 1,102 school districts, independent of cities and counties, handle California's public education. [27] Although it accounts for only 1.5% of the state's economy,[27] California's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854[73] with only a short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento. Disclaimer: The purpose of this blog is not intended to induce or promote any insider trading or manipulation activity. Energy Information Administration (EIA)", California OKs new transmission for renewables, "SCE Unveils Largest Battery Energy Storage Project in North America", "How a nuclear stalemate left radioactive waste stranded on a California beach", "Opinion: California's San Onofre nuclear plant is a Chernobyl waiting to happen", "Nuclear power industry sees opening for revival", "Minnesota House says no to new nuclear power plants", "California Is Tops in Worst Roads—Pulse of the Bay", "19th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems (1984–2008)", "The San Francisco—Oakland Bay Bridge Facts at a glance", "Pasadena Freeway getting a new look and a new name", "L.A.'s Famous Four-Level Freeway Interchange, 'The Stack', Turns 58", "State of California—Department of Motor Vehicles, Statistics for Publication, January Through December 2010", "California new-car sales up 13.1 percent in 2010", "Calif. Amtrak ridership rising on state trains", "Plan for high-speed rail system released", "§ 2 of Article III of the California Constitution", "§ 1 of Article V of the California Constitution", "§ 1 of Article IV of the California Constitution", "§ 1 of Article VI of the California Constitution", "Article II of the California Constitution", "Article V of the California Constitution", "Calif. The first priests to come to California were Roman Catholic missionaries from Spain. After the Portolà expedition of 1769–70, Spanish missionaries led by Junipero Serra began setting up 21 California Missions on or near the coast of Alta (Upper) California, beginning in San Diego. California's economy is very diverse: 58% of it is based on finance, government, real estate services, technology, and professional, scientific, and technical business services. [242] Voters banned the approval of new nuclear power plants since the late 1970s because of concerns over radioactive waste disposal. All members are required to wear masks. We hope you enjoy - and we hope you post your own deals from your local Costco so everyone knows about them. [citation needed] As a result, the rise of California was a calamity for the native inhabitants. A San Jose motorcyclist died in a crash Sunday morning on Highway 130 east of Mount Hamilton, the California Highway Patrol said. There were many settlers from the United States fighting on both sides. Right below the timberline, in the Hudsonian zone, the whitebark, foxtail, and silver pines grow. Universal Music Group, one of the "Big Four" record labels, is based in Santa Monica. [88] Yet since 1991, and starting in the late 1980s in Southern California, California has seen a net loss of domestic migrants in most years. The upper Sonoran zone includes the chaparral belt, characterized by forests of small shrubs, stunted trees, and herbaceous plants. [131], Within the Western hemisphere California is the second most populous sub-national administrative entity (behind the state of São Paulo in Brazil)[132] and third most populous sub-national entity of any kind outside Asia (in which wider category it also ranks behind England in the United Kingdom, which has no administrative functions). Members of the Assembly are subject to term limits of three terms, and members of the Senate are subject to term limits of two terms. [161] Non-Hispanic whites constituted 36.8% of the state's population. California is the third-largest state in the United States in area, after Alaska and Texas. According to the 2007 American Community Survey, 73% of people who speak a language other than English at home are able to speak English "well" or "very well," while 9.8% of them could not speak English at all. Migratory species of salmon are common as well. They serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once.[267]. Construction and maintenance of state roads and statewide transportation planning are primarily the responsibility of the California Department of Transportation, nicknamed "Caltrans". [248] The Arroyo Seco Parkway, connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena, opened in 1940 as the first freeway in the Western United States. [14] If it were a country, California would be the fifth-largest economy in the world, and the 37th-most populous as of 2020[update]. California is also home to two major nuclear power plants: Diablo Canyon and San Onofre, the latter having been shut down in 2013. From 1952 through 1988, California was a Republican leaning state, with the party carrying the state's electoral votes in nine of ten elections, with 1964 as the exception. California's public postsecondary education offers three separate systems: California is also home to such notable private universities as Stanford University, the University of Southern California, the California Institute of Technology, and the Claremont Colleges. California's Asian American population is estimated at 4.4 million, constituting a third of the nation's total. The Eel River and Salinas River each drain portions of the California coast, north and south of San Francisco Bay, respectively. [15] The Greater Los Angeles area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second- and third-largest urban economies ($1.3 trillion and $1.0 trillion respectively as of 2020[update]), after the New York metropolitan area ($2.0 trillion). The 1932 and 1984 summer games were held in Los Angeles. Most of California's special districts are single-purpose districts, and provide one service. One of the state's more visible landmarks, the Golden Gate Bridge, was the longest suspension bridge main span in the world at 4,200 feet (1,300 m) between 1937 (when it opened) and 1964. [51] The establishment of the Spanish systems of government and social structure, which the Spanish settlers had brought with them, also technologically and culturally overwhelmed the societies of the earlier indigenous peoples. Most of California's major rivers are dammed as part of two massive water projects: the Central Valley Project, providing water for agriculture in the Central Valley, and the California State Water Project diverting water from northern to southern California. The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule had been located in Monterey from 1777 until 1845. In many council-manager cities, the city council selects one of its members as a mayor, sometimes rotating through the council membership—but this type of mayoral position is primarily ceremonial. [151] Net immigration from Mexico, previously the most common country of origin for new immigrants, has dropped to zero / less than zero since more Mexican nationals are departing for their home country than immigrating. [293][294] One study ranked Berkeley, Oakland, Inglewood and San Francisco in the top 20 most liberal American cities; and Bakersfield, Orange, Escondido, Garden Grove, and Simi Valley in the top 20 most conservative cities. Are you a current Patelco Credit Union member: * Are you a current Patelco Credit Union member: [68] After a series of defensive battles in Southern California, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing American control in California. Use filters to narrow your search by price, square feet, beds, and baths to find homes that fit your criteria. There are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more general aviation airports throughout the state. California's mountain ranges also influence the climate: some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. [13] Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second-most-populous, after New York City. Brushy areas are abundant with dwarf manzanita and ceanothus; the unique Sierra puffball is also found here. [114], In the deserts of the lower Sonoran zone, the mammals include the jackrabbit, kangaroo rat, squirrel, and opossum. Inter-city rail travel is provided by Amtrak California; the three routes, the Capitol Corridor, Pacific Surfliner, and San Joaquin, are funded by Caltrans. [236] Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46. He convinced these men that they had no reason to be fighting each other. The California Highway Patrol is the largest statewide police agency in the United States in employment with more than 10,000 employees. [182] This is a change from 2008, when the population identified their religion with the Catholic Church with 31 percent; Evangelical Protestants with 18 percent; and Mainline Protestants with 14 percent. The state's crude oil and natural gas deposits are located in the Central Valley and along the coast, including the large Midway-Sunset Oil Field. California's military forces consist of the Army and Air National Guard, the naval and state military reserve (militia), and the California Cadet Corps. [283] However, as of 2002[update], Californians were relatively under-represented in the military as a proportion to its population. Tanbark oak, California laurel, sugar pine, madrona, broad-leaved maple, and Douglas-fir also grow here. The southeastern border of California with Arizona is entirely formed by the Colorado River, from which the southern part of the state gets about half of its water. Wisconsinites, like Foamation',s ",Father of Fromage", Ralph Bruno, tend to have a healthy sense of humor about themselves. Important Operating Hours update (updated 12/23): All Costco warehouse stores operating hours are back to normal – HOWEVER, they are open from 9 a.m. to 10 a.m., Monday – Friday for members ages 60 and older, and people with disabilities. Republican strength is still greatest in eastern parts of the state. All four, plus the two major Spanish-language networks (Telemundo and Univision) each have at least two owned-and-operated TV stations in California, one in Los Angeles and one in the San Francisco Bay Area. [177][178] A survey conducted between 2007 and 2009 identified 23 different indigenous languages among California farmworkers. While the Sierra rosy finch is the only bird native to the high Arctic region, other bird species such as the hummingbird and Clark's nutcracker. However, Democrats have won all of California's electoral votes for the last eight elections, starting in 1992. ", "Appendix A: Etymology of the Word 'California': Surmises and Usage", "Big Era Two: Human Beings Almost Everywhere – 200,000 – 10,000 Years Ago", "California as an Island in Maps—Online Exhibits", "California Indian History—Native American Caucus", 10 Facts: California during the Civil War, "California Militia and Expeditions Against the Indians, 1850–1859", "see also Benjamin Madley, American Genocide: The California Indian Catastrophe, 1846–1873, Yale University Press, 2012", "California—Race and Hispanic Origin: 1850 to 1990", "Shipbuilding Essay—World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary", "Richmond Shipyard Number Three: World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary", "Rosie the Riveter National Historical Park, Kaiser Shipyards", "Saving the Bay—The Greatest Shipbuilding Center in the World", "Aerospace States' Incentives to Attract The Industry", "The Aerospace Industry in Southern California", "Getting Out: The Great California Exodus: Remember us? Flowering plants include the dwarf desert poppy and a variety of asters. [230] California has the third highest per capita spending on welfare among the states, as well as the highest spending on welfare at $6.67 billion. [278], California is represented by U.S. senators Dianne Feinstein, a native and former mayor of San Francisco, and Alex Padilla, a native and former secretary of state of California. In 2008, those unaffiliated with any religion represented 21 percent of the population. [258] Former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger said: "We've been in crisis for quite some time because we're now 38 million people and not anymore 18 million people like we were in the late 60s. [167], English serves as California's de jure and de facto official language. Construction was approved by the voters during the November 2008 general election,[255] with the first phase of construction estimated to cost $64.2 billion.[256]. The armies of each met at the Battle of Providencia near Los Angeles. Costco97 is neither affiliated nor endorsed by Costco Wholesale Inc. - but we secretly hope they love us! At the time of California's admission into the Union, travel between California and the rest of the continental United States had been a time-consuming and dangerous feat. All ten of the state's most populous cities are charter cities. [176] The most common language spoken besides English was Spanish, spoken by 28.46% (9,696,638) of the population. Per capita GDP in 2007 was $38,956, ranking eleventh in the nation. As a result of Marsh's actions, they abandoned the fight, Micheltorena was defeated, and California-born Pio Pico was returned to the governorship. California's vast terrain is connected by an extensive system of controlled-access highways ('freeways'), limited-access roads ('expressways'), and highways. It is considered the origin of the hippie counterculture, beach and car culture,[citation needed] the Internet,[23] and the personal computer,[24] among others. The California Republic was short lived;[66] the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican–American War (1846–48). Intercity bus travel is provided by Greyhound, Megabus, and Amtrak Thruway Motorcoach. [156] The state of California and some California cities, including Los Angeles, Oakland and San Francisco,[158] have adopted sanctuary policies. The Tehachapi area is also where the Tehachapi Energy Storage Project is located. Well ... We're Ba-aack! California is known for its car culture, giving California's cities a reputation for severe traffic congestion. "California Students Face Competition for College Options". [129] The state of California's own statistics show a population of 38,292,687 for January 1, 2009. For California under Spanish and later Mexican rule had been forced against his will to join 's... 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