Art History > The Effect of Claude Monet’s Failing Eyesight in The Japanese Footbridge, Claude Monet was one of the first impressionists, and the paintings he completed at his house in Giverny are some of his most beloved works. Another Impressionist, Mary Cassat more recently still had very poor results. As long as Monet stayed with Camille, his family cut his allowance. Was Monet merely painting what he saw? Marmor devised a way of simulation in a study of Monet’s cataracts. From the standpoint of the understated miracle of today’s cataract surgery, it is easy to question Monet’s resistance to operation. This could also be the driving force behind his choice to use a stronger color palette. Monet in the 20th Century. Mar 2, 2019 - Juxtapost - A fast, free and simple way to bookmark images while you surf so that you never forget that neat shirt you wanted, or that amazing idea you just saw. The Japanese footbridge was something that Monet had built in the 1890s at the edge of the pond and it was a Japanese style curving bridge made from wood that he wanted to have to observe the pond below. At the beginning, this was rather pleasing but later the paintings became blurred. von Alexandra Tuschka. Monet’s cataract surgery falls into the historical era when the method of treatment was removal, following the French surgeon Jacques Daviel’s successful extraction of a cataract in 1747. Monet Paid a Gardener to Dust His Water Lilies When Monet wanted to paint his water lilies, a gardener had to row a small boat onto the pond and gently push each one into the water to clean off any dust that had accumulated before Monet could begin working. His illness is seen in the way that the painting looks as though it were covered by a veil of air, though his brush strokes are nonetheless powerful and energetic. This was carried out at the Ambrose Pare Surgical Clinic in Neuilly. Monet remained in his Giverny house until his death in 1926. Unfortunately, his … According to a Normandy tour guide, one of the gardeners had the not-so-pleasant job of preventing the water rats from eating the lilies, as well as fishing out the dead flowers from the pond. Three years later all of Europe was plunged into the turmoil of the Great War. Monet had resisted having his cataracts operated on for many years. Tucker, PH, Shackleford, GM., Stevens MA. JAMA July 19, 1985; 254 (3): 394-399. Cataracts were first detected as far back as 1908 while he was still vigorously painting.2 He had doubts about the diagnosis from his “country doctor.” Quite naturally Monet sought out other opinions and the variety of advice terrified him. 60612 ISSN 2155-3017 - Copyright © 2009 [email protected] Visit us at: www.hekint.org| www.hektoeninternational.org. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1998. Oscar-Claude Monet (UK: / ˈ m ɒ n eɪ /, US: / m oʊ ˈ n eɪ /, French: [klod mɔnɛ]; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter, a founder of French Impressionist painting and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein air landscape painting. He resisted again. Ravin, the American ophthalmologist who gained access to the glasses he used, felt that after examining them Monet would have this difficulty along with the aberration of shapes that he described. Was this stubbornness in the famous Impressionist or were there reasonable grounds for his decision? His strong use of yellows and reds had been growing over the years as his sight declined. Not only was he forced to clearly label his paints to ensure he used the right color, but eventually he had to switch from a predominantly blue and green pallet to a more red and yellow one. The oranges and blues of the two paintings become almost indistinguishable. He felt that he still saw everything too yellow (xanthopsia). However, recognizing the importance of his vision to his lifetime work and the harsh experience of his friends, it is more understandable. In January 1923, the elderly artist Claude Monet struggled restlessly in his room after his cataract surgery. Could yellowing lenses produce a visual percept which led to the more abstract colour contrast effects seen in later works such as 'The Japanese Bridge at Giverny' (1918–1924)[3]? Monet also knew that Daumier, a fellow artist, had done very poorly after his cataract surgery some years before. Familiar with Giverny, he is photographed on the Japanese bridge at Monet’s house, with the painter and his niece Mrs Furoki, by his side, dressed in a kimono. Explore museums and … In 1907 he first began to have problems with his eyesight. Coutela’s examination showed that Monet’s right eye could only perceive light and his left eye had a visual acuity of 1/10.2, He recommended surgery but Monet, still reluctant, declined partly because he improved when mydriatics were administered to his left eye. At the beginning of 1925, Monet’s confidence had withered. He got up and tore at his bandages.1 His family put it down to his temperament. After several trials Monet seemed to gain at least some partial help. This version was done with a predominance of orange. Monet malte dieses Gemälde als er bereits seit einigen Jahren auf seinem Landsitz wohnte. His left eye, however, never recovered, and his works from 1923 onward reflect the effect of his surgery; through his left eye, colors seemed red or yellow, and through his right eye, everything was tinted with blue. Some experts feel that his Venice paintings show a blurring of distant objects.1. In his paintings from 1908 onward, it becomes apparent that Monet’s eyesight was deteriorating, due to cataracts he developed in both eyes. This unusual phenomenon may have been because with the removal of his yellow lens his aphakic eye saw blues once again. In 1899, Monet painted 12 works from a single vantage point, focusing on the arching blue–green bridge and the microcosm of his water garden. With the glasses that had been provided he feared falling, noted double vision, and described objects as deformed. Japanese Bridge, 1924 by Claude Monet. Wildenstein, D. Monet or the Triumph of Impressionism. Monet painted this bridge many times in a much more naturalistic fashion, and then returned to it again late in these abstractions in which you can almost not … Images A and C show two of Monet's "The Japanese Bridge at Giverny" (1918-1924/Musee Marmatton, Paris) from around the time when his vision was at its worst. … Work by Delahunt et al. The color of the bridge varies in each depiction depending on the light in … In 1919 his eyes were very troubling and his friend, the famous French political leader Clemenceau, suggested surgery. Their choice is a matter of habit. By 1912, at the age of 72, he was diagnosed with bilateral cataracts with the right being more pronounced. Bathers by a River (1909-1916): Henri Matisse’s Experiments with Cubism, Seascape Cloudy and the boundary between Painting and Photography, Sky Above Clouds IV, The Landscape, and O’Keeffe’s Artistic Language. Highlighted in Frontispiece Winter 2017 – Volume 9, Issue 1, Hektoen International Journal is published by the Hektoen Institute of Medicine, 2240 West Ogden Avenue, Chicago, IL. In most of these paintings, the bridge spans the entire width of the picture dividing the canvas in half. His attempt, however, was not successful leaving Monet in a troubled mental state. 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Get started today! When he finally had step two, he was hospitalized at Neuilly again where his restlessness so disturbed his care that it set back his recovery. That’s all.”, By 1886, Monet had ceased to use black in any of his pieces. Los Angeles: Taschen; 2001. Monet painted the bridge in many of his works. Even shadows are rendered in a purple hue. A, The Japanese Bridge at Giverny (1918-1924; oil on canvas, 89 × 100 cm); Musée Marmottan, Paris, France/Giraudon/Bridgeman Art Library. His credibility as an artist was steadily increasing, and by 1890, he earned enough through selling his paintings to purchase the house outright. Claude Monet, Water Lilies and the Japanese bridge, 1897-99. 4. One can only speculate as to what would have happened if he had been able to avail himself of modern surgery and intraocular lenses. Another explanation by some is that without the lens his eye could now see ultraviolet light, which has been suggested to be a whitish blue.4 In addition to seeing things too blue, he had difficulty focusing at various distances. Then like Job’s friends, there appeared on the scene new faces. As his cataracts matured, his sense of color changed and more reds and browns appeared in his paintings. Meet Olga Nikitina, the Artist who Paints Underwater, The Sinister Composition of The Night Café by Vincent Van Gogh. And since he always painted exactly what he saw, this transformed his painting style," says Marianne Mathieu. By 1918 he felt the colors lacked their previous intensity and he became discouraged. With the bands of the blue bridge suspended like a canopy near the top of the canvas and no sky to be seen, the water and billowing foliage fill the visual field, immersing the viewer in the verdant, brightly colored waterscape. By 1922 his sight was so troublesome that on the friendly persuasion of his friend Clemenceau, he saw Dr. Charles Coutela, a prominent Paris ophthalmologist, who was a competent surgeon. Monet then began to complain that objects curved abnormally and the colors were strange. In September, the diagnosis of lung cancer was made by x-ray and he succumbed to his illness on December 5, 1926. He wrote, “My bad sight means that I see everything through a mist… Even so it is beautiful, and that is what I would like to show.” Clemenceau convinced Monet to undergo surgery, and he regained vision in his right eye. In 1868, Monet threw himself off a bridge into the Seine River attempting to commit suicide. Barbier had discovered the availability of a revolutionary set of Zeiss lenses available and he thought Coutela was out of his depth with them. But an elderly man in his eighties, immobilized, recovering from surgery with limited sight in the left eye and bandages over the right eye, is a culture dish for delirium.2 Because he was a heavy smoker, there was even the added possibility of nicotine withdrawal. The most important thing is to know how to use the colors. Unhappily he began to develop a cough and by the spring of 1926, he was quite weak and losing energy. 1. The colors and brushstrokes date this picture to the time that Monet was most affected by cataracts. The gardens are still open for the public to view the source of one of Monet’s greatest inspirations. Sagner, K. Monet. Arch Ophthalmol. Title: The Japanese Bridge; Creator: Claude Monet; Date Created: 1919/1924; Type: Painting; Rights: On loan from a private collection, Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam (Vincent van Gogh Foundation) Get the app. Monet forgoed his use of meticulous, tiny brushstrokes in order to liberally apply paint onto the canvas.Â, While the painting reflects the bridge with trailing wisteria, most likely maintained by one of the six gardeners Monet hired, it is less realistic than his other works. Lush and luminous, The Japanese Bridge immerses us in the physical experience of being in the garden. Claude Monet - Japanische Brücke im Garten von Giverny. However, none of the lens replacements introduced in 1950 by Harold Ridley that marked the third era of cataract treatment was available to Monet. 3. Monet surrounded the pond with a diverse arrangement of flowers, bushes, and trees. Images B and D respectively show the two paintings as they might have appeared to Monet through his cataract. Among the 12 works was the National Gallery's Japanese Footbridge. He proposed giving up his government commission but after a charged exchange with Clemenceau, he recovered enough to return to painting and he completed several of the panels for the work in the L’Orangerie before he died. Monet’s water lily paintings dominated his later career. I don’t think one could paint better or more brightly with another palette. Monet was most likely working from memory to evoke a certain emotion, as was common for the impressionist movement.Â. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Marmor MF. Images line drawing claude monet houses on the alterzaan Google most popular for you from monet japanese bridge coloring pages, moneta japanese school, monet japanese garden, monet japanese art, monet japanese influence, monet japanese water bridge, source: pinterest.com. Taschen; 1996. He decided to put off any intervention. However, by the fall of 1923, he was painting again after turning down surgery on his left eye. Also, because he had … Quite naturally Monet sought out other opinions and the variety of advice terrified him. The Last Supper: The Greatest Masterpiece of the R... Buying Original Art: The Ultimate Guide to Art Sho... 5 Most Expensive Paintings of All Time: Da Vinci t... Three Studies for Figures at the Base of a Crucifi... Sky Above Clouds IV, The Landscape, and O’Ke... Log in for artists (Singulart artists only). The three-step procedure proposed by Coutela first involved the removal of a small fragment of the upper part of the iris. View in Street View. A third procedure followed in February. In each painting in the Japanese Footbridge series, a bridge is the focus of the composition. He himself felt that his paintings were darker. In all, he painted water lilies over 250 times. leading to a departure from his bright, soothing color palette into the more rich, robust colors seen in The Japanese Footbridge. Monet paintings of the pond and Japanese bridge done about the time of his most severe visual disability. He stated:  “As for the colors I use, what’s so interesting about that? This particular painting was made while he was suffering from cataracts. Singulart explores the influence that Monet’s paintings had on his style, as well as how his use of color developed over time.Â, Monet and his family moved to Giverny in 1883. View in Augmented Reality. It has been suggested that Monet adapted his style when his eyesight began failing due to cataracts, hence the difference between The Japanese Footbridge seen here compared to the more naturalistic depictions painted when he first moved to Giverny. 5. http://www.theguardian.com/science/2002/may/30/medicalscience.research accessed December 11, 2014. Ravin J. Monet’s Cataracts. Facing both an economic and family crisis, Monet tried to put an end to his life. Coutela tried various lenses and glasses but nothing seemed to help much and Monet grew increasingly depressed. The Japanese Footbridge was one of Monet’s last paintings. Credit: Archives … Images A and C show two of Monet’s “The Japanese Bridge at Giverny” (1918-1924/Musee Marmatton, Paris) from around the time when his vision was at its worst. Monet's cataracts may have influenced changes in his style of painting especially with regard to colour [2]. The Water Lily Pond captures Monet’s view of his Japanese bridge. B, The image as it would have appeared to Monet through a disabling nuclear sclerotic … [4] suggests … 6. Other colors appeared yellow. Monet dedicated considerable time to design and maintain the gardens, hiring six gardeners to assist him. He decided to put off any intervention. While Monet would paint this bridge at various points in time- it can be seen through the blurry lenses of his cataracts in Japanese Bridge– in this version, it is shown bathed in golden light, with a calming color palette of greens and pale pinks. 6. By the summer of 1924, blue had replaced yellow as the dominant color in his vision. 2. PETER KOPPLIN is a practicing internist in Toronto and a member of the Toronto Medical Historical Club, which has been meeting since 1923. While other artworks in his Giverny series were painted in his usual impressionist style, The Japanese Footbridge is almost abstract, with swirling brushstrokes forming a bridge in a range of autumnal hues. Those of the lilies and Japanese bridge of his Giverny garden show an increasing use of browns and a softening of the edges of his objects. In 1899 he began painting the water lilies, first in vertical views with a Japanese bridge as a central feature, and later in the series of large-scale paintings that was to occupy him continuously for the next 20 years of his life. Monet was so set on having his pond that he illegally directed an arm of the Epte River into his gardens, to the ire of the local community. Your email address will not be published. Claude Monet - The Japanese Bridge - 61.36.15 - Minneapolis Institute of Arts.jpg 5,956 × 4,606; 8.7 MB Claude Monet - The Japanese bridge - Google Art Project.jpg 3,247 × 2,481; 5.47 MB Claude Monet - The Japanese Bridge - Google Art Project.jpg 2,245 × 1,725; 2.55 MB He struggled with the visual changes, initially seeing too much yellow and finding shapes difficult to see clearly. Van Gogh Museum Amsterdam, Netherlands. Details. He felt the surgery at the time was well established and relatively safe.3 Monet was of course worried about his color perception. He narrowly avoided a fine with the help of his friend, journalist and future Prime Minister George Clemenceau.Â. Monet used light or white colored canvases, providing a simple background for the opaqueness of his paint and giving focus to his liberal use of color.Â. In 1883 Monet turned a small pond on at Giverney into an Asian-influenced water garden. Cool blue and green tones predominate, but are balanced … In July he removed the capsule in his home at Giverny. Family and friends kept the diagnosis from him. Nevertheless, in 1923 Monet decided on surgery partly out of his personal distress but also because he was goaded on by his friend Clemenceau who was anxious that Monet complete a commissioned project of panels of water lilies for the French government to be placed in the L’Orangerie.4. Monet uses his rapid brushstroke technique to capture … Monet preferred the earthy tones, and this painting, Water Lilies: The Japanese Bridge, is a classic piece of Impressionism in these hues of browns, oranges, maroons, and rusts. He began to suffer from cataracts. This work was part of the later series made between 1920 … The central subject for his paintings in the late 1890s was Pack within his remit - although its treatment is markedly different. In 1911,his second wife died. He wrote: “I see blue, I don’t see red anymore, nor yellow; this bothers me terribly because I know that there is a red, yellow, a special green, a particular purple on my palette; I don’t see them anymore as I used to see them in the past, and however I remember very well what it was like.”, Your email address will not be published. Licht und Schatten und der Einfluss verschiedener Tages- und … As his earnings built up, he continued to expand the gardens, including the famous lily garden that would feature in numerous future paintings.Â, Local white lilies were planted alongside plants imported from South America and Egypt. Quite likely he would have been able to return with vigor to his painting at a much younger age and without the emotional drain of wrestling with different lenses and glasses for his postoperative symptoms. He began to struggle more with his paintings, complaining of his inability to see color and form as he once did. Author of a splendid collection of Japanese prints which constitute today the funds of the National museum of Tokyo, he also wants to create in Japan a museum for his collection of impressionist works. As his cataracts matured, his sense of color changed and more reds and browns appeared in his paintings. 2006; 124(12):1764-1769. Water Lilies (or Nymphéas, French: ) is a series of approximately 250 oil paintings by French Impressionist Claude Monet (1840–1926). The Japanese Bridge Claude Monet 1919/1924. The paintings depict his flower garden at his home in Giverny, and were the main focus of his artistic production during the last thirty years of his life.Many of the works were painted while Monet suffered from cataracts. Andre Barbier, a painter friend, introduced him to another ophthalmologist, Dr. Jacques Mawas, and an oculist, M. Denis. Japanese bridge over water lilies in Monet’s garden at Giverny (1889) by Monet. The spherical shape of the lenses and chromatic aberrations would give a visual distortion. Towards the end of his life, Monet developed cataracts in both his eyes, leading to a departure from his bright, soothing color palette into the more rich, robust colors seen in The Japanese Footbridge. Those of the lilies and Japanese bridge of his Giverny garden show an increasing use of browns and a softening of the edges of his … In den 30 Jahren, die er sich dort aufhielt, thematisierte er fast ausschließlich diesen Garten, den man auch heute noch besichtigen kann. Monet designed and built the landscape that appears in the painting—from the bridge to the pond and its shape, to the water lilies and other plantings. Cataracts were extremely frustrating for Monet, and for years he complained of colors looking muddy and dull, especially reds and pinks. In short, I use white lead, cadmium yellow, vermillion, madder, cobalt blue, chrome green. The Japanese Bridge by Claude Monet depicts the footbridge over the lily pond at Monet’s Giverney Gardens. Monet expanded his pond by diverting water from the Epte River. By July 1923, roughly six months after his initial surgery, the posterior lens capsule became opaque, a complication that disappointed Monet but was expected by his surgeon.1 It suggests that Coutela had not been entirely frank about this possibility. Monet had difficulty with the new glasses he now had to wear. Ophthalmology and Art: Simulation of Monet’s Cataracts and Degas’ Retinal Disease. After the war, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau tasked Monet … "Cataracts caused him to perceive light and colors in a completely different way. Modern intraocular lenses and contacts overcome this. Required fields are marked *. Singulart | Magazine > Art History > The Effect of Claude Monet’s Failing Eyesight in The Japanese Footbridge, Claude Monet was one of the first impressionists, and the paintings he completed at his house in Giverny are some of his most beloved works. Another Impressionist, Mary Cassat more recently still had very poor results. As long as Monet stayed with Camille, his family cut his allowance. Was Monet merely painting what he saw? Marmor devised a way of simulation in a study of Monet’s cataracts. From the standpoint of the understated miracle of today’s cataract surgery, it is easy to question Monet’s resistance to operation. This could also be the driving force behind his choice to use a stronger color palette. Monet in the 20th Century. Mar 2, 2019 - Juxtapost - A fast, free and simple way to bookmark images while you surf so that you never forget that neat shirt you wanted, or that amazing idea you just saw. The Japanese footbridge was something that Monet had built in the 1890s at the edge of the pond and it was a Japanese style curving bridge made from wood that he wanted to have to observe the pond below. At the beginning, this was rather pleasing but later the paintings became blurred. von Alexandra Tuschka. Monet’s cataract surgery falls into the historical era when the method of treatment was removal, following the French surgeon Jacques Daviel’s successful extraction of a cataract in 1747. Monet Paid a Gardener to Dust His Water Lilies When Monet wanted to paint his water lilies, a gardener had to row a small boat onto the pond and gently push each one into the water to clean off any dust that had accumulated before Monet could begin working. His illness is seen in the way that the painting looks as though it were covered by a veil of air, though his brush strokes are nonetheless powerful and energetic. This was carried out at the Ambrose Pare Surgical Clinic in Neuilly. Monet remained in his Giverny house until his death in 1926. Unfortunately, his … According to a Normandy tour guide, one of the gardeners had the not-so-pleasant job of preventing the water rats from eating the lilies, as well as fishing out the dead flowers from the pond. Three years later all of Europe was plunged into the turmoil of the Great War. Monet had resisted having his cataracts operated on for many years. Tucker, PH, Shackleford, GM., Stevens MA. JAMA July 19, 1985; 254 (3): 394-399. Cataracts were first detected as far back as 1908 while he was still vigorously painting.2 He had doubts about the diagnosis from his “country doctor.” Quite naturally Monet sought out other opinions and the variety of advice terrified him. 60612 ISSN 2155-3017 - Copyright © 2009 [email protected] Visit us at: www.hekint.org| www.hektoeninternational.org. New Haven: Yale University Press; 1998. Oscar-Claude Monet (UK: / ˈ m ɒ n eɪ /, US: / m oʊ ˈ n eɪ /, French: [klod mɔnɛ]; 14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926) was a French painter, a founder of French Impressionist painting and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein air landscape painting. He resisted again. Ravin, the American ophthalmologist who gained access to the glasses he used, felt that after examining them Monet would have this difficulty along with the aberration of shapes that he described. Was this stubbornness in the famous Impressionist or were there reasonable grounds for his decision? His strong use of yellows and reds had been growing over the years as his sight declined. Not only was he forced to clearly label his paints to ensure he used the right color, but eventually he had to switch from a predominantly blue and green pallet to a more red and yellow one. The oranges and blues of the two paintings become almost indistinguishable. He felt that he still saw everything too yellow (xanthopsia). However, recognizing the importance of his vision to his lifetime work and the harsh experience of his friends, it is more understandable. In January 1923, the elderly artist Claude Monet struggled restlessly in his room after his cataract surgery. Could yellowing lenses produce a visual percept which led to the more abstract colour contrast effects seen in later works such as 'The Japanese Bridge at Giverny' (1918–1924)[3]? Monet also knew that Daumier, a fellow artist, had done very poorly after his cataract surgery some years before. Familiar with Giverny, he is photographed on the Japanese bridge at Monet’s house, with the painter and his niece Mrs Furoki, by his side, dressed in a kimono. Explore museums and … In 1907 he first began to have problems with his eyesight. Coutela’s examination showed that Monet’s right eye could only perceive light and his left eye had a visual acuity of 1/10.2, He recommended surgery but Monet, still reluctant, declined partly because he improved when mydriatics were administered to his left eye. At the beginning of 1925, Monet’s confidence had withered. He got up and tore at his bandages.1 His family put it down to his temperament. After several trials Monet seemed to gain at least some partial help. This version was done with a predominance of orange. Monet malte dieses Gemälde als er bereits seit einigen Jahren auf seinem Landsitz wohnte. His left eye, however, never recovered, and his works from 1923 onward reflect the effect of his surgery; through his left eye, colors seemed red or yellow, and through his right eye, everything was tinted with blue. Some experts feel that his Venice paintings show a blurring of distant objects.1. In his paintings from 1908 onward, it becomes apparent that Monet’s eyesight was deteriorating, due to cataracts he developed in both eyes. This unusual phenomenon may have been because with the removal of his yellow lens his aphakic eye saw blues once again. In 1899, Monet painted 12 works from a single vantage point, focusing on the arching blue–green bridge and the microcosm of his water garden. With the glasses that had been provided he feared falling, noted double vision, and described objects as deformed. Japanese Bridge, 1924 by Claude Monet. Wildenstein, D. Monet or the Triumph of Impressionism. Monet painted this bridge many times in a much more naturalistic fashion, and then returned to it again late in these abstractions in which you can almost not … Images A and C show two of Monet's "The Japanese Bridge at Giverny" (1918-1924/Musee Marmatton, Paris) from around the time when his vision was at its worst. … Work by Delahunt et al. The color of the bridge varies in each depiction depending on the light in … In 1919 his eyes were very troubling and his friend, the famous French political leader Clemenceau, suggested surgery. Their choice is a matter of habit. By 1912, at the age of 72, he was diagnosed with bilateral cataracts with the right being more pronounced. Bathers by a River (1909-1916): Henri Matisse’s Experiments with Cubism, Seascape Cloudy and the boundary between Painting and Photography, Sky Above Clouds IV, The Landscape, and O’Keeffe’s Artistic Language. Highlighted in Frontispiece Winter 2017 – Volume 9, Issue 1, Hektoen International Journal is published by the Hektoen Institute of Medicine, 2240 West Ogden Avenue, Chicago, IL. In most of these paintings, the bridge spans the entire width of the picture dividing the canvas in half. His attempt, however, was not successful leaving Monet in a troubled mental state. Throughout 1889 and 1890, Monet painted several canvases depicting the bridge and its surroundings. When the surgery was completed, his troubles were not finished. Throughout his career, Monet relied heavily on the use of color, as impressionists did not tend to use much defined line work in their pieces. 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