Eventually, Venetian  masks re-emerged as the emblem of Carnevale (Venetian Carnival), a pageant and street fair  celebrating hedonism. Arlecchino often had a love interest in the person of Colombina, and his lust for her was only superseded by his desire for food or fear of his master. If authentic, they are often beautiful works of art. Capitano Scaramouche, Capitano Metamoros, Capitaine Fracasse, Captain Horribilicribilifax, Ralph Roister Doister, and Bobadil. Other names: Truffaldino, Traccagnino, Bagattino, Tabarrino, Tortellino, Naccherino, Gradelino, Mezzettino, Polpettino, Nespolino, Bertoldino, Fagiuolino, Trappolino, Zaccagnino, Trivellino, Passerino, Bagolino, Temellino, Fagottino, Pedrolino, Fritellino, Tabacchino. BURRATINO is a minor character from the Commedia dell'arte, one from the Zanni class.He is often not a servant, but is not well to do either. WE CAN ADD STICK TO ALMOST ANY MASK LEARN MORE, CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IS OUR HIGHEST PRIORITY! Jester was symbolic twin of the king. Venetian masks were influenced by the archetype characters in the commedia dell'arte, a popular form of street theater, including the jester, servant and wealthy fool. Frequently paired with other. Commedia was the successor to Roman theater, masked like its predecessor but having little else in common. In Venice, mask-wearing helped to bridge social divisions. As is typical of those who have risen from poverty, he is often most cruel to those beneath him on the social ladder. We can vouch for the fact that these Venetian Masks are authentic and all hand made in Venice. Jesters typically wore brightly colored clothing in a motley pattern. He traditionally wears a large codpiece to advertise his virility (which everyone around him knows to be long gone) along with a mask with a long hooked nose, a tight red vest, red breeches and stockings, a black cassock, slippers and a brimless hat. Part of the secrecy was pragmatic: there were things to do, people to see, and perhaps you might not want others to know what deals you were cutting. With a level of social wealth unequaled since, the citizens of Venice developed a unique culture—one in which the concealing of the identity in daily life became paramount to daily activity. Known throughout the world is the Venetian mask which was born in 1600 and still typical of modern disguises: the “Bauta”, that is a white mask called ” larva “, dominated by a black three-cornered hat and completed by a dark cloak. Today, most local businesses encourage the wearing of masks on parade floats, to the extent that city folklore claims it's illegal not to wear one. Mar 16, 2017 - History of masks is long and full of interesting things. Pierrot is very occasionally depicted with a teardrop on his face, and he usually wears no mask; the actor is generally expected to have a great range of facial expression, and this tradition has been in play since at least the start of the 1600s. The dialogue and action could easily be made topical and adjusted to satirize local scandals, current events, or regional tastes, mixed with ancient jokes and punch lines. Cats were so scarce in Venice that they became the subject of one of the most typical masks. It may be encrusted with jewels and precious stones or decked with feathers, lace and ribbons, and painted. The primary aspect of Arlecchino was his physical agility. In the eighteenth century, Venice enjoyed the reputation of having the most famous Carnival in the world. Other names: Punch, Punchinello, Puccio d'Aniello. CAPITAN SCARAMOUCHE either a young man of adventure or a quite old mariner, a boasting, swashbuckling officer, often Spanish, dressed-to-kill in cape, feathered hat, high boots, with sword in belt, was always a prime favorite. Masks have always been an important feature of the Venetian carnival. The society grew ever more decadent. A symbol of Venice for centuries, they have an exciting story and long-standing traditions. This is a very peculiar one, a weird and mysterious character with a mask covering the whole face, with a very big jaw, and no mouth. CONTACT US WITH ANY QUESTIONS OR CONCERNS LEARN MORE, INTERNATIONAL SHOPPERS ARE WELCOME! State inquisitors and spies could question citizens without fear of their true identity being discovered (and citizens could answer without fear of retribution). Some wore them to pursue amorous relationships in secret; Casanova wrote in his memoirs about romantic trysts with masked women, and how he was nearly apprehended by masked police. In another hypothesis it comes from Harlay, an English gentleman of the court of Henri III, who had protected an Italian actor. Some of the most well-known masks are: He is an obese man that enjoys the bottle and eating to excess. Bauta is quite ghostlike and with the centuries the fashion was to wear it with a black tricorno (the 3-pointed typical Venetian hat), zendale (long hood made of satin and macrame), and long cape. Facts about Carnival Masks 7: the materials to create the Venetian masks There are various materials that you can use to create the masks. It was invented in France and rapidly became popular in Venice as it brought out the beauty of feminine features. The most common types of venetian masks . Pierrot is also called as a lunatic, an a person outside the reality, in a state of unawareness about what's happening around, someone for whom anything matters, just cheering and playing all the time. Bauta was used also on many other occasions as a device for hiding the wearer's identity and social status. Their policy leads to eventual acceptance when they  declared the months between Christmas and Shrove Tuesday free for Venetian mask - attired  decadence. If he is not a servant, he is often friends with them. BRIGHELLA is a comic, masked character from the Commedia dell'Arte, a money-grubbing villain and a partner of Arlecchino. In Latin, this was a pullus gallinaceus, which led to the word "Pulliciniello" and "Pulcinella", related to the Italian pulcino or chick. DAMA, which presents many elegant variations corresponds to the ladies of the Cinquecento (the period of Titian) who covered themselves in jewels, expensive clothing and elaborate coifs. While generally depicted as quite stupid and greedy (in a gastronomic sense) his acrobatics were what an audience expected to see. In fact, the roles were often played by males in women's clothing and wigs, in travesti, as it is called. See disclaimer. Mentally handicapped people sometimes found employment by capering and behaving in an amusing way. It started in 1168 as a celebration of victory of Republic of Venice against Ulrico, Patriarch of Aquileia, and became annual event until it was banned by King of Austria in 1797. Pantalone's plans to profit at the expense of his family and friends are guaranteed to be thwarted by his servant. All Jesters and fools in those days were thought of as special cases whom God had touched with a childlike madness—a gift, or perhaps a curse. French women favored the moretta mask, a black oval that was held in place by biting down on a button in the back, while men wore the white, ghost-like larva mask. Other names: Capitano Scaramouche, Capitano Metamoros, Capitaine Fracasse, Captain Horribilicribilifax, Ralph Roister Doister, and Bobadil. Venetian Masks - 10 Things to Know Before You Buy He traditionally wears a large codpiece to advertise his virility, which everyone around him knows to be long gone. She was often the only functional intellect on the stage. The tradition of masking has a long tradition in Venice. He makes many cruel jokes about the opposite sex and believes that he knows everything about everything. Nowadays, they are one of the best souvenirs to buy in Venice He is extremely pompous, and loves the sound of his own voice, spouting ersatz Latin and Greek. Joker, Fool, Buffoon / Boufon, Narr / Naaror, Juglar. PANTALONE is a miserly, libidinous, aged character from the Commedia dell'Arte. Find out their meaning, how to buy them authentically, and how to look after them. Which both men and women could wear. Women's clothing became more revealing; homosexuality, while publicly condemned, was embraced by the populace. Traveling teams of players would set up an outdoor stage and provide amusement in the form of juggling, acrobatics, and, more typically, humorous plays based on a repertoire of established characters with a rough storyline, called Canovaccio. Masked, a servant could be mistaken for a nobleman—or vice versa. All the way back in 1268, a law even was passed to ban – of all things – putting on masks and throwing perfumed eggs! He traditionally is portrayed as having been educated in Bologna. He is an obese man that enjoys the bottle and eating to excess. Unlike the vast majority of their counterparts in contemporary European nations, each citizen in. Masks should be an extension of an actor and their costume, hair and accessories. It therefore lasted more than two months. Men and women wore them so that they could speak openly to people of other classes with whom they would not normally associate. If the actor playing the role is not naturally fat then he is padded out to make him seem so. The character would never simply perform an action when the addition of a cartwheel or back flip would spice up the movement. His costume is usually all or mostly black, sometimes with a white collar. His interaction in the play is usually mostly with Pantalone, either as a friend, mentor or competitor. If the actor playing the role is not naturally fat then he is padded out to make him seem so. Indeed, the Duke promised him his most precious possession in return for his gifts... and the neighbor went home with the cat! His work has been featured in Cracked and "The Atlantic.". Any servant could be mistaken for an aristocrat, and vice versa. Colombina aided her mistress, the inamorata to gain the affections of her one true love by manipulating Arlecchino and counter-plotting against Pantalone while simultaneously managing the whereabouts of the inamorato. The society grew ever more decadent. Discover 5 curious facts about Venetian masks. It was the most sumptuous and extravagant carnival in the world, but the incredible thing is that it made up only a part of the period in which mask wearing was permitted. Recognizable types of Venetian masks continue to dazzle tourists, dancers, and pageant participants during Carnival and year round. Occasionally, under the name Arlecchina she would wear motley similar to her counterpart Arlecchino. Venetian Mask is the object, which most represents Venice, because it plays the Venetian spirit projected towards the party, the transgression and the amusement. Venetian masks are made from paper-mache and decorated with fur, feathers, beads and gems. He frequently wears a hat, and long, trailing robes. It was thus useful for a variety of purposes, some of them illicit or criminal, others just personal, such as romantic encounters. However, Jesters are mainly thought of in association with the European Middle Ages. The modern celebration of Venetian Carnival has reinvigorated the art and craft of making Venetian masks. He is an inveterate schemer. ALL ORDERS ARE SHIPPED WITHIN 24 HOURS LEARN MORE, SPECIAL OFFER! Rome turned a blind eye, as long as the Republic continued to make generous donations. The Masks Were Originally A Way to Hide Your Naughty Behaviour Did you know that in the 18 th century Venetians used to wear the full-face black velvet masks at “houses of ill repute” – such as gambling parlours – to hide the identity of their owners? The Role of Masks in Everyday Life The Venice Carnival (Carnevale) began on the 26th December and ended on Shrove Tuesday. In another hypothesis it comes from Harlay, an English gentleman of the court of Henri III, who had protected an Italian actor. When he went back home, his rich neighbor was green with envy and rushed to Venice with his most precious silks, thinking that if a mere cat made the other man rich, he would be enormously rewarded for these precious items. DOTTORE PESTE is a modern Venetian Carnival mask. SPECIAL OFFER! "Se non stai bravo viene il babau e ti porta via … (if you do not behave, the babau will come and take you away …)". In our days this is probably the most popular and most beautiful mask type used during the Venetian Carnival. This mask was worn by Venetian women all year around. Fame of the Bauta went on along the Serenissima Republic, with the French and Austrian rules it started to disappear, considered as a reactionary symbol. COLOMBINA (means "little dove" in Italian) is a comic servant character from the Commedia dell'Arte. Venetian masks have a long history of protecting their wearer's identity during promiscuous or decadent activities. Additionally, the masks served an important social purpose of keeping every citizen on an equal playing field. Everyone was part of the great economic machine that  was the Republic. Do not forget to apply an abundant amount of lotion before you start: it will keep the paper from getting glued to your mould. Usually he is a shopkeeper from Vienna, somewhat stupid, fond of food and of pretty women, talkative, gullible, full of temper, and the butt of all the jokes, some of them very indecent, yet forgiving in the end. Eventually, royalties all across Europe adopted the Venetian tradition of wearing masks. This mask has a very unique history. Originally they had a simple design and decoration, while today they are hand painted and are decorated with natural wings, precious metals and stones. The styles and names of today's masks come from characters in early improvisational theatre performed in different parts of Italy called "Commedia dell'Arte" or "Art of Comedy." But many could be seen in theatres, too, because married women were required to be masked when they entered there. There were many occasions when people turned to dressing up, in fact masks were worn many months of the year. In general all Venetian masks may be classified under two major groups: These masks date back to the second half of the sixteenth century and represent characters, ethnic traditions, professions and trades closely tied to the different cities of Italy personified by professional actors in the Commedia dell'Arte (means Art of Comedy in Italian). After the 1100s, the masquerade went through periods of being outlawed by the Catholic  Church, especially during holy days. It is sometimes black in color or else flesh-toned with a red nose. Pulcinella often wears a black mask and long white coat, and has loose and straggly hair. Every February, Venice’s ‘ Carnevale ’ sees thousands of increasingly elaborate ' maschere ' made locally and worn by local Italian people and tourists alike - although Italians generally stick with the simple Carnival masks and leave the more ornate to the tourists. The cat rid the palace of all its mice and the man became rich. He is typically depicted as an elderly man who only knows nonsense. His traditional temperament is to be mean, vicious, and crafty: Pulcinella main mode of defense is to pretend to be too stupid to know what's going on, and his secondary mode is to physically beat people. MORETTA is traditional Venetian mask. Opposed to the Magnifici (the masters), the role of the Zanni is very changeable: silly, simple-minded, and vulgar. The female characters, however, were usually not masked. He is typically cast as the servant of an innamorato or vecchio much to the detriment of his master's plans. Today, people wear masks to participate in the color and excitement, the exotic richness and sensuality of Mardi Gras. Mask, in Commedia dell'arte speaks of the types of characters that each represents and includes all of the characters including the lovers. PIERROT (Pedrolino in his Italian incarnation) is a stock figure in the Commedia dell'Arte. WE OFFER $35 FLAT RATE FOR ANYWHERE OUTSIDE OF THE USA LEARN MORE, OVERNIGT SHIPPING IS AVAILABLE CHOOSE UPS NEXT DAY DURING CHECKOUT LEARN MORE, NEED A CUSTOM MASK? He is often cast as the parent of one of the inamorata and has some business or personal relationship with Dottore or Capitano. Other names: Dottore Balanzone, Dottore Baloardo, Dottore Graziano. The mask was finished off with a veil. BAUTA is famous through the Carnival of Venice as it is the main type of mask worn during the Carnival. The Republic fell into a state of luxury, indolence, and moral decay. By then, Commedia Dell'Arte had arisen, a type of theater in which actors wore elaborate masks, and Mardi Gras festivals were appearing in North and South America. The characters and tropes of the Commedia have also been used in modern novels, from sword and sorcery to literary works, notably by Michael Moorcock in his Jerry Cornelius stories that culminate with the Guardian prize-winning The Condition of Muzak. He traditionally wears a large codpiece to advertise his virility, which everyone around him knows to be long gone. In the harsh world of medieval Europe, people who might not be able to survive any other way thus found a social niche. Pulcinella became a stock character in Neapolitan puppetry. Masks were used during the celebration of carnival, the annual celebration of the election of Doge Vitale Michieli. Other name: Joker, Fool, Buffoon / Boufon, Narr / Naaror, Juglar. His mask is unique in that it is the only mask in Commedia dell'Arte to cover only the forehead and nose. The origins of the name are uncertain. Dottore Balanzone, Dottore Baloardo, Dottore Graziano. Unlike the vast majority of their counterparts in contemporary European nations, each citizen in  Venice enjoyed a high standard of living. Because of this the Plague Doctor isn't a real mask but was a disguise used by local plague doctors who went on visits wearing this strange costume to people afflicted with plague. ILL DOTTORE is a local aristocrat and/or doctor of medicine or law or anything else he claims to know about, which is most things. The wearing of masks in Venice is a tradition which goes back as far as the 12th century, and historians speculate that it was a response to one of the most rigid class structures in all of Europe. Women's clothing became more revealing; homosexuality, while publicly condemned, was embraced by the populace. Troupes occasionally would perform directly from the back of their traveling wagon, but this is more typical of Carro di Tespi, a sort of traveling theatre that dates back to antiquity. Facts about Masquerade Masks 10: the production of masks Switzerland and Italy were the two countries, which produced most masks. By the time of the Renaissance, masks were a fixture of Carnevale celebrations. Once inside the city environment Zanni becomes sly, cunning, meddling, and cheeky. It is sometimes black in color or else flesh-toned with a red nose. The use of masquerade masks dates back to 1268, in Venice. It may came from the German "behten" (to protect), as well as from "bau"(or "babau"), typical Italian representation of the monster, or bad beast, used by adults to scare children. Venetian masks have a long history of protecting their wearer's identity during promiscuous or  decadent activities. Venetian masks are made of leather, papier-mâché, porcelain or an original technique made of glass. This character, of course, is none other than the Miles Glorious of Plautus, called in Italy Il Capitano Spavento della Valle Inferno, or simply Spavento. The immense amount of travelers coming through the city meant that sexual promiscuity was commonplace and acceptable. Commedia dell'Arte (translated as "the comedy of artists"), is a form of improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century … Starting in Italy, Jester moved into all of Europe, influencing theatre in Spain, Holland, Germany, Austria, England, and especially, France. Its name comes from Giovanni (also said Zan, Zane, Zuane), a typical name of servants whose forefathers emigrated in Venice search for work from the valleys around Bergamo. It was again reestablished in 1979 and is again held annually. The most popular traditional Venice mask is undoubtedly the bauta. Venetian masks have been worn in Venice, Italy, since antiquity. Make sure you make at least 5 layers of paper and alternate each layer of paper with one layer of glue that you can apply with a … Dottore Peste outfit consisted of a hat to show that the man was a doctor, a mask to protect the face which included crystal eyes to protect the wearer's eyes and the beak which was stuffed with spices or herbs to purify the air that the doctor breathed, a wooden stick to push away victims who would get too close to him, a pair of leather gloves to protect the hands, a gown waxed from the exterior, and full length boots. New Orleans' annual celebration became one of the nation's biggest festivals. During the last  year of the Republic's existence, this period extended for over three months from December 26. Eventually the wearing of masks was so ubiquitous that the government … Many times he remains poor, constantly hungry. In the beginning of 18th century, London was introduced with a semi-public masquerade ball inspired from the Venetian fashion and masks by a Swiss count, John James Heidegger. His mask is unique in that it is the only mask in Commedia dell'Arte to cover only the forehead and nose. Famous masks of the Commedia Dell'Arte included the Plague Doctor, a scary mask with a long, beaked nose, and the Gatto, a mask shaped like a cat. Colombina was usually dressed in a ragged and patched dress appropriate to a hired servant. He told extraordinary tales about how he beat a whole army of Turks and carried off the beard of the Sultan, but when there was a hint of real danger he was the first to run away. Venetian masks are beautiful and have a centuries-old history. After all, the city is relatively small. This very Venetian mask was considered an ideal disguise by kings and princes who could move freely into the city without being recognized but was worn by strangers too. Gambling went on all day and night in the streets and houses, even in convents. ARLECCHINO is a most popular of Zanni or comic servant characters from the Italian Commedia dell'Arte. Visit www.kbwcorp.com! VOLTO (means face in Italian) also known as the Citizen mask, because it was worn by the common people during all Holidays since ancient time: S. Marco's day, Sensa feast day, S. Vito and Modesto, S. Stefano festivities are only a few examples. The morale of the people was maintained through the use of masks—for with no faces, everyone had voices. The origins of the name are uncertain. Welcome to Smart Art History, your Art History crash course! A tradition dating back hundreds of years, historically, mask-wearing encouraged an atmosphere of secrecy and enchantment in which rank, social status and profession could be momentarily forgotten. Today, during Mardi Gras, revelers might wear Phantom of the Opera-style masks that only cover half the face, masks on sticks, sequined masks, feathered masks, lace masks, masks accompanied by headdresses and masks of many colors. 1 History of Venetian Masks Mask-wearing has been a social custom in Venice since the 13th century, when masked men threw eggs at women during Carnival. You can employ the glass technique and decorate the masks with ribbons, porcelain or even leather. People from Venice also use masks during other festivities such as weddings. The performances were improvised around a repertory of stock conventional situations, adultery, jealousy, old age, love, some of which can be traced in Roman comedies of Plautus and Terence. Truffaldino, Traccagnino, Bagattino, Tabarrino, Tortellino, Naccherino, Gradelino, Mezzettino, Polpettino, Nespolino, Bertoldino, Fagiuolino, Trappolino, Zaccagnino, Trivellino, Passerino, Bagolino, Temellino, Fagottino, Pedrolino, Fritellino, Tabacchino. GATTO (means cat in Italian) is a traditional Venetian Carnival mask. As a result of the concealment of identity, however, people naturally found themselves taking advantage of the situation. Other things distinctive about the jester were his incessant laughter and his mock scepter, known as a bauble or marotte. Many boundar… Facts about African Masks 1: Influences. © 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Venetian masks are a centuries-old tradition of Venice,Italy!Worn during the Carnevale, however In the past, the masks have been used on many other occasions as a device for hiding the wearer's identity and social status. Other names: Pulcinella, Arlecchino, Brighella, Coviello, Francatrippe, Zan Fitata, Zan Piastrela, Zan Ganassa, Zan Turco. FREE GROUND SHIPPING ON ALL ORDERS WITHIN THE USA LEARN MORE, SPECIAL OFFER! Boze Herrington is a writer and blogger who lives in Kansas City, Mo. Classroom is the educational resource for people of all ages. The Carnevale di Venezia is one of the most famous carnivals around the world, and a charming characteristic of the city. He is typically depicted as an elderly man who only knows nonsense. Frequently paired with other Zanni as his assistants or employees, Brighella's plans were frequently foiled by their own ineptitude. Its origins are centuries old, and it still attracts thousands of tourists each year who arrive in Venice to admire the sumptuous costumes and masks parading in the streets and squares.

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