The Ansaldo company provided plans for the contemporary Raimondo Montecuccoli-class cruisers and a design displacing 7,200 tonnes (7,086 long tons) and armed with six 180-millimetre (7.1 in) guns in twin turrets was produced in 1933. This second class was closely modelled after the previous Kirov. ID: Plastic cruiser gaming piece: Hipper class cruiser from the game Axis & Allies Europe 40-2nd Ed. Endurance figures also varied widely at full load, from 2,140 to 4,220 nautical miles (3,960 to 7,820 km; 2,460 to 4,860 mi) at 18 knots (33 km/h; 21 mph). She remained there for the rest of the Winter War and afterwards was under repair at Kronstadt from October 1940 to 21 May 1941. Gnevny sank, while Gorky made it to port before being transferred, with assistance, to Tallinn and later to Kronstadt. It was manually operated. Present in Sevastopol and providing her defense, she was attacked on 3 August 1942 by the Italian MAS 568, losing her bow (too !). Maxim Gorky tested the first Soviet naval helicopter, the Kamov Ka-10, in December 1950 and began her refit in mid-1953. Soviet Navy cruiser Molotov firing in 1942 (cc). Modernized like her half-sister Kirov between 1952 and 29 October 1955, she was renamed Slava on 3 August 1957 after Vyacheslav Molotov fell out of favor with Nikita Khrushchev. Commissioned before or during the war, they saw heavy action and were scrapped in the 1960s and 70s. Pyotr Velikiy carries some S-300FM missiles and is the only ship in the Russian Navy capable of ballistic missile defence. She was used as a testbed for the new radars intended for the Chapayev and Sverdlov-class cruisers in the late 1940s. This was a mobilization class with 7 ships ordered for the first batch, laid down in 1938-40. That was hardly the selling point of the design: The weak Kirov’s scheme formed a boxed ‘raft’ around the vitals. [13], Kirov was commissioned into the Baltic Fleet in the autumn of 1938, but was still being worked on into early 1939. [4] Their single rudder meant that they were not very maneuverable. Nameplates. Soviet cruiser Kirov, the lead ship of the Kirov-class cruisers, launched in 1936; Kirov-class battlecruiser, a Soviet nuclear-powered cruiser class . They were withdrawn from service in the 1960s. The Kirov class's main weapons are 20 P-700 Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) missiles mounted in deck, designed to engage large surface targets. [5], The armour scheme formed a raft around the vitals, protected by a waterline belt, deck and traverse bulkheads uniformly 50 mm (2.0 in) in thickness. Unlike her half-sister, she was selected for conversion as a testbed for missile development as Project 33 on 17 February 1956. Post stamp showing the Kirov in 1953 (cc), The Kirov in the 1970s (unknown src – imgurl), Kirov class general appearance in 1941, author’s illustration. SR Shell weighting 1.065–2.14 kg (2.35–4.72 lb). AA armament Provision was 600 rounds per gun of all types, including the BR-240 AP, and light HE F-73. The damage reduced her speed to 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) and she had to be steered by her engines. [24], This article is about the Kirov class of light cruisers. Light AA guns initially consisted of six semi-automatic 45 mm 21-K AA guns with 600 rounds per gun and four DK 12.7-millimetre (0.50 in) machine guns, with 12,500 rounds per gun, but were significantly increased in service. They were a tenth of a meter shorter than the Project 26 ships, although the waterline length did not change at all between any of the pairs. The British Types 281, 291 and the American SG radars were used for air search. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. They were followed by Kaganovich (June 1944) and Kalinin (1943), started both in 1939 at Komsomolsk. Two Heinkel K-12 catapults were bought in 1937 for Kirov and Voroshilov. It has been speculated that "This seam in the protection, representing a small target area, may simply have served to save weight and simplify construction. The first modern interwar cruisers built in USSR were the Kirov class. [4], The Project 26bis2 pair were still larger and displaced 8,400 tonnes (8,267 long tons) at standard load, and 10,400 tonnes (10,236 long tons) at full load. After the first two ships, armor protection was increased and subsequent ships are sometimes called the Maxim Gorky class. Military. There is no doubt that Russia’s Kirov class super-sized nuclear cruisers are charismatic fighting machines. [15], Both Kirov and Maxim Gorky were transferred to the Gulf of Riga on 14 June 1941, shortly before the beginning of Operation Barbarossa. The Kirov originally become operational in 1980, with her sister ships following about every four years aside from the last in her lineage, Peter The Great, … A Kirov Class (Peter the Great) cruiser at St Petersburg. It was reduced to a simple pole mast in the later ships and the superstructure enlarged to accommodate the fire control facilities formerly housed in the foremast. [3], Components for the Project 26bis2 ships were manufactured in the West (Ordzhonikidze built those for Kalinin and Marti those for Kaganovich) and shipped to Komsomolsk-on-Amur for assembly. On 2 August her stern was blown off by torpedo bombers acting in concert with Italian MAS torpedo boats. Similarly the deck edge was also tapered down to about 25 mm for its outermost 200 mm. Damaged by a number of shell hits while off-loading troops on 29 December, she was still able to take 600 wounded when she departed. And they were of Italian design. They were put into service in the Pacific fleet, but remained inactive during the short hostilities against Japan in July-August 1945. Tw… The catapults, however, were removed from all ships by 1947. They displaced 7,890 tonnes (7,765 long tons) at standard load, and 9,436 tonnes (9,287 long tons) at full load. Main armament Although impressive on paper, the final result was really not up to the expectations. This article is about Kirov-class heavy cruisers. They did mount the Arktur underwater acoustic communication system. The Soviet Navy did not existed in 1922 and never was admitted to the Washington naval conference. [2], The Kirovs were built in pairs, each pair incorporating some improvements over the earlier pair. In Russia this type of ship is referred to as a heavy nuclear powered missile cruiser. The Gorkiy was completed in Ordonikidze Yard in November 1940 and the Molotov in June 1941. [1], The Soviets bought an example of, and plans for, the machinery of the later Duca d'Aosta-class cruisers and had some difficulty in adapting the smaller hull for the larger and more-powerful machinery, so much so that it delayed the start of construction. Two of her gun turrets were installed at Saint Petersburg as a monument. Another problem was that the Italian design had to be adapted to use the Soviet preference for a mix of longitudinal framing for the hull framing amidships and transverse framing for the ends, while also reinforcing the hull structure to withstand the more-severe weather conditions that the Soviets commonly encountered. Its official designation is “missile cruiser”, although its size and speed qualifies it as a battlecruiser.It was also the first Russian surface ship to use a nuclear powerplant. Voroshilov's Soviet-built turbines were more powerful than anticipated, and she almost achieved her design speed. Each received a provision of 325 rounds per gun. [23], Even though Lazar Kaganovich and Kalinin were both commissioned before the end of the war, they saw no action during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in 1945;[13] in any event, Lazar Kaganovich was not fully completed until 29 January 1947. The Kirovs carried two aircraft, but with imported German catapults. This odd concept derived from the experimental artillery made for the previous Krazny Kavkaz, in single turrets, made to answer early 1930s IJN cruisers in the Pacific. She was sold for scrap on 4 April 1972. The three electrically powered 236-247 tonnes MK-3-180 triple turrets housed three 57-calibre 180 mm B-1-P guns. [15] She sailed to Riga on 22 October 1940 when the Soviet Union began to occupy Latvia; the following day she sailed for Liepāja. Just after her repairs were completed she assisted Soviet forces landing behind German lines at the so-called "Malaya Zemlya" at the end of January 1943. She returned to the Mediterranean between September and December 1970 where she assisted the Kotlin-class destroyer Bravyi after the latter's collision with the aircraft carrier HMS Ark Royal on 9 November 1970. Kirov Class Battlecruiser During the Cold War, the Soviets built the Kirov, the largest and most powerful post-WWII surface ship in the world and it retains that distinction even today. The Pyotr Velikiy (Peter the Great) Kirov Class project 1144.2 heavy missile cruiser. [9], The ships had a twin-shaft-unit machinery layout with alternating boiler rooms and engine rooms. [5] Kirov and Voroshilov were fitted with a massive quadruped foremast, but this proved to restrict the view from the conning tower as well as the fields of fire of the 100 mm anti-aircraft guns and greatly increased their silhouette. [4], The secondary armament consisted of six single 56-caliber 100-millimetre (3.9 in) B-34 anti-aircraft guns with 325 rounds per gun fitted on each side of the rear funnel in all ships except the Project 26bis2 which used eight single 52-caliber 85-millimetre (3.3 in) 90-K guns with 300 rounds per gun when the B-34 program ran into problems. The loss of three destroyers to German aircraft attempting to interdict the German evacuation of the Taman Bridgehead on 6 October 1943 caused Stalin to forbid the deployment of large naval units without his express permission and this meant the end of Voroshilov's active participation in the war. Each turret and the director had DM-6 rangefinders which allowed multiple targets to be engaged using a combination of local and central fire control. Twenty large BB-1 and thirty small BM-1 depth charges were carried although no sonar was fitted for the Project 26 and Project 26bis ships. The Soviets borrowed the machinery of the later Duca d’Aosta-class cruisers on paper (nominal 10,000 hp) but struggled to fit these inside the smaller hull. The conversion process was quite prolonged, as her armament was removed and she received an entirely new superstructure and masts; and she was not recommissioned as OS-24 until 31 December 1961. The Kirov class cruiser (Project 26) cruisers were six vessels built between 1935 and 1944 for the Soviet Navy: the Soviet cruiser Kirov, Soviet cruiser Voroshilov, Soviet cruiser Maxim Gorky, Soviet cruiser Molotov, Soviet cruiser Kalinin, and the Soviet cruiser Kaganovich. She was renamed Petropavlovsk on 3 August 1957 after Lazar Kaganovich was purged from the government after an unsuccessful coup against Nikita Khrushchev that same year. Russian Navy Kirov-class Cruiser Admiral Nakhimov Back in the Water The upgraded Kirov-class nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser "Admiral Nakhimov" (Project 11442M) left the pool of Sevmash Shipyard and berthed at the embankment for systems fitting out, the enterprise said on 18 August. The machinery for the rest was built in Kharkiv to Italian plans. The Maxim Gorkiy repaired in Kronstadt (cc). Main battery fire control radars were the British Types 284 and 285 while anti-aircraft fire control was provided by the Type 282 radar. On board aviationAuthor’s illustration of the Beriev-2 KOR-I. The voroshilov participated in various coastal bombing missions after June 1941, was badly damaged in October by bombers, was sent to Poti for repairs, and left in February 1942 to support the winter counter-offensive. They were only slightly longer at 191.4 m (627 ft 11 in) overall and had a deep draft of 6.30 m (20 ft 8 in) at full load. [21] She had to be towed to Poti for repairs, which lasted until February 1942. The anti-aircraft armament was controlled by the Gorizont-1 system with a SO-26 computer, Gazon vertical gyroscope and a pair of SPN-100 directors on each side of the superstructure. Both ships were damaged by German air and artillery attacks, but were repaired during the war. After the first two ships, armor protection was increased and subsequent ships are sometimes called the Maxim Gorky class. [11], The belt extended 121 m (397 ft 0 in) or 64.5% of the ship's length. Kirov Class Cruiser . She shelled Axis positions near Feodosiya on 2 April 1942, but was damaged by some near misses on 10 April and had to return to Batumi for repairs. [7] Normally, 100 rounds per gun were carried, although an additional four rounds per gun could be carried at overload by the Project 26 ships only. Her trials were a disappointment as her Italian-built turbines initially had minor defects, and she was 1 knot (1.9 km/h; 1.2 mph) slower than guaranteed. The Voroshilov machinery however was built on the same plans, in Kharkiv. [24], Kirov was damaged by a German magnetic mine while leaving Kronstadt on 17 October 1945. Her superstructure was badly damaged by a Force 12 typhoon on 19 September 1957 and she was deemed uneconomical to repair and sold for scrap on 6 February 1960. Impressed by this firepower increase, the Soviet committee approved the blueprints on November 1934 as Project 26. The deck edge was also tapered down to 25 mm. One of the first large warships designed and built in the U.S.S.R. (Project 26). The tertiary armament comprised four DK 12.7-millimetre (0.50 in) machine guns, with 12,500 rounds per gun. [19] For most of the rest of the war both cruisers were blockaded in Leningrad and Kronstadt by Axis minefields and could only provide gunfire support for the defenders during the Siege of Leningrad and support for the Soviet Vyborg–Petrozavodsk Offensive in mid—1944. Gorky was sold for scrap on 18 April 1959 after it was decided that she was not required as a missile test ship. Orlan-class cruisers of project 1144 are a symbol of the Soviet Navy and a good example of protracted design and specification of technical projects. They served until the end of the 1960s alongside the following Sverdlov class, the last Soviet conventional cruisers, in service until the 1990s for some. Learn how your comment data is processed. She fired only 35 rounds before she was damaged by a number of near misses and had to return to the Soviet naval base at Liepāja for repairs. The Kirov in 1939 – src wowsp-wows-na.wgcdn.co. The Soviet TB-7 geared turbines proved to be more powerful and more economical than the originals. Gorkiy hit a mine in June 1941 and lost her bow. Deck, belt, barbettes 50 mm (2 in), turrets 76 mm (3 in), conning tower 152 mm (6 in). In fact they were closer to a light cruiser in this area. [20], On 23 June 1941, Voroshilov covered Soviet destroyers bombarding Constanţa, but the destroyer leader Moskva was sunk by a mine and Kharkov was damaged by return fire. These B-1-P guns fired a 97.55-kilogram (215.1 lb) shell at 900–920 m/s (3,000–3,000 ft/s) muzzle velocity. These pairs were designated as the Project 26, Project 26bis, and Project 26bis2 in sequence. Fell to 36 knots ( 19 km/h ; 41 mph ) and Kalinin ( 1943 ), both! 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